We study the physical and chemical properties as well as the crystal structures of materials at high pressures and temperatures to help us better understand the dynamics and structure of the Earth and other planetary interiors. Using the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell, ab-initio computations and laser-driven shock waves, we are able to simulate the extreme pressure and temperature conditions on relevant planetary materials and can measure their changing properties in situ. The knowledge of the materials at deep interior conditions is key to understanding the formation and evolution of the Earth and planets in genereal.