
Yale University
Yale
Institute
for Biospheric Studies

|
 |
Isotopic
Standards
A handy reference contained in sortable tables |
Disclaimer: Last updated 21 August 2009.
Be sure to actually check the CIAAW website, IAEA website, or NIST website for the latest
values!
Click
on the header to sort a column on that value. Blue-highlighted
standards are those available in the lab as of the last update. Red-highlighted standards are out-of-date values. Blue lines are in-house standards, not commercially available.
|
| Carbon |
| Name |
NIST
RM # |
Composition/Notes |
δ13CVPDB |
Ref |
CO2-Biogenic
|
8564 |
carbon
dioxide, modern biomass |
-10.45
‰ |
2 |
CO2-Heavy
|
8562 |
carbon
dioxide, paleomarine |
-3.72
‰ |
2 |
| CO2-Light |
8563 |
carbon
dioxide, petrochemical |
-41.59
‰ |
2 |
| House SNS Cocoa | | powdered baking cocoa | -28.42
‰ | - | | IAEA-303-A | | labeled sodium bicarbonate | +93.3
‰ | 4 | | IAEA-303-B | | labeled sodium bicarbonate | +466
‰ | 4 |
| IAEA-600 |
|
caffeine |
-27.77
‰ |
2 |
| IAEA-601 |
|
benzoic acid |
-28.81 ‰ |
2 |
| IAEA-602 |
|
benzoic acid |
-28.85 ‰ |
2 |
| IAEA-C-1 | | marble (14C standard) | +2.4 ‰ | 5 | | IAEA-C-2 | | travertine (14C standard) | -8.3 ‰ | 5 | | IAEA-C-3 | | cellulose (14C standard) | -24.9 ‰ | 5 | | IAEA-C-4 | | sub-fossil wood (14C standard) | -24.0 ‰ | 5 | | IAEA-C-5 | | sub-fossil wood (14C standard) | -25.5 ‰ | 5 | | IAEA-C-6 | | sucrose (14C standard) | -10.8 ‰ | 5 | | IAEA-C-7 | | oxalic acid (14C standard) | -14.5 ‰ | 6 | | IAEA-C-8 | | oxalic acid (14C standard) | -18.3 ‰ | 6 | | IAEA-C-9 | | sub-fossil wood (14C standard) | -23.9 ‰ | 7 |
| IAEA-CH-3 |
|
cellulose |
-24.72 ‰ |
2 |
| IAEA-CH-6 |
8542 |
sucrose |
-10.45 ‰ |
2 |
| IAEA-CH-7 |
8540 |
polyethylene foil |
-32.15 ‰ |
2 |
| IAEA-CH-7 | 8540 | polyethylene foil (pre-2006) | -31.8 ‰ | 9 |
| IAEA-CO-1 |
|
calcium
carbonate |
+2.49
‰ |
2 |
| IAEA-CO-8 |
|
calcium
carbonate |
-5.76
‰ |
2 |
| IAEA-CO-9 |
|
barium
carbonate |
-47.32
‰ |
2 |
| LSVEC * |
8545 |
lithium
carbonate |
-46.6
‰ |
2 |
| NBS
18 |
8543 |
carbonatite |
-5.01
‰ |
2 |
| NBS
19 * |
8544 |
limestone |
+1.95
‰ |
3 |
| NBS
22 |
8539 |
oil |
-30.03
‰ |
2 |
| NBS 22 | 8539 | oil (pre-2006) | -29.7 ‰ | 9 |
| NGS
1 |
8559 |
natural
gas (coal, CH4) |
-29.0
‰ |
1 |
| NGS
2 |
8560 |
natural
gas (petroleum, CH4) |
-44.5
‰ |
1 |
| NGS
3 |
8561 |
natural
gas (biogenic, CH4) |
-72.8
‰ |
1 |
| USGS
24 |
8541 |
graphite |
-16.05
‰ |
2 |
| USGS
40 |
8573 |
L-glutamic
acid |
-26.39
‰ |
2 |
| USGS
41 |
8574 |
L-glutamic
acid |
+37.63
‰ |
2 |
| UWG-2 | | Garnet, Gore Mountain | +5.78
‰ | 8 |
* Defines the scale
References:
1. Hut, G., Consultants'
group meeting on stable isotope reference
samples for geochemical and hydrological investigations, Vienna,
International Atomic Energy Agency, 42 p (1987).
2. Coplen, T.B.,
Brand, W.A., Gehre, M., Gröning, M., Meijer, H. A. J., Toman, B, and
Verkouteren, R. M., New guidelines for δ13C
measurements, Anal. Chem., 78,
2439-2441 (2006).
3. Gonfiantini, R., 1984, Advisory group meeting on stable
isotope
reference samples for geochemical and hydrological investigations,
IAEA, Vienna, 19-21 September 1983, Report to the Director General,
International Atomic Energy Agency, 77 p. 4.
Parr R.M., Clements S.A. (1991): Intercomparison of enriched stable
isotope reference materials for medical and biological studies, IAEA
Report NAHRES-5, International Atomic Energy Agency, 31 pp. 5.
Rozanski, K., Stichler, W., Gonfiantini, R., Scott, E.M., Beukens,
R.P., Kromer, B., van der Plicht, J. (1992): The IAEA 14C
Intercomparison exercise 1990. Radiocarbon, vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 506 519. 6.
le Clercq, M., van der Plicht, J, Gröning, M. (1998): New 14C reference
materials with activities of 15 and 50 pMC. Proceedings of the 16th
International 14C Conference. W.G. Mook, J. van der Plicht (eds.),
Radiocarbon, vol. 40, No. 1, 1998, pp. 295 279. 7. Scott, E.M., The fourth international radiocarbon intercomparison (FIRI). Radiocarbon, Vol 45, No. 2, 2003, 135-292 8.
Valley, J.W., Kitchen, N., Kohn, M.J., Niendorf, C.R., Spicuzza, M.J.,
1995. UWG-2, a garnet standard for oxygen isotope ratios: strategies
for high precision and accuracy with laser heating. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta 59, 5223– 5231. 9. NIST Standard Reference Materials Catalog, 1998-99. Trahey, N.M., editor. January 1998.
|
| Nitrogen |
| Name |
NIST
RM # |
Composition/Notes |
δ15NAIR |
Ref |
| House SNS Cocoa | | powdered baking cocoa | +5.24
‰ | - | | IAEA-305-A | | labeled ammonium sulfate | +39.8
‰ | 4 | | IAEA-305-B | | labeled ammonium sulfate | +375.3
‰ | 4 | | IAEA-310-A | | labeled urea | +47.2
‰ | 4 | | IAEA-310-B | | labeled urea | +244.6
‰ | 4 | | IAEA-311 | | labeled ammonium sulfate | +2.05
‰ | 4 |
| IAEA-N-1
* |
8547 |
ammonium
sulfate |
+0.43
‰ |
1 |
| IAEA-N-2 |
8548 |
ammonium
sulfate |
+20.41
‰ |
1 |
| IAEA-NO-3 |
8549 |
potassium nitrate |
+4.72 ‰ |
1 |
| NBS 14 | | gaseous nitrogen | -1.18 ‰ | 5 |
| NSVEC |
8552 |
gaseous
nitrogen |
-2.78
‰ |
1 |
| USGS
25 |
8550 |
ammonium
sulfate |
-30.41
‰ |
1 |
| USGS
26 |
8551 |
ammonium
sulfate |
+53.70
‰ |
1 |
| USGS 32 * |
8558 |
potassium nitrate |
+180 ‰ |
1 |
| USGS 34 |
8568 |
potassium nitrate |
-1.8 ‰ |
2 |
| USGS 35 |
8569 |
sodium nitrate |
+2.7 ‰ |
2 |
| USGS 40 |
8573 |
L-glutamic acid |
-4.52 ‰ |
3 |
| USGS 41 |
8574 |
L-glutamic acid |
+47.57 ‰ |
3 |
* Defines the scale (interim consensus)
References:
1. Böhlke, J.K., and
Coplen, T.B., Interlaboratory comparison of
reference materials for nitrogen-isotope-ratio measurements, in
Reference and intercomparison materials for stable isotopes of light
elements: Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-TECDOC-825,
51-66 (1995). 2. Böhlke, J.K., Mroczkowski, S. J., and Coplen, T. B., Oxygen
isotopes in nitrate: new reference materials for 18O:17O:16O
measurements and observations on nitrate-water equilibration, Rapid
Comm. Mass Spectrom., 17, 1835-1846
(2003). 3. Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., Geilmann, H., Brand, W. A., and
Böhlke, J.K., Two new organic reference materials for δ13C
and δ15N measurements and a new value for the δ13C
of NBS 22 oil: Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom., 17, 2483-2487
(2003). 4.
Parr R.M., Clements S.A. (1991): Intercomparison of enriched stable
isotope reference materials for medical and biological studies, IAEA
Report NAHRES-5, International Atomic Energy Agency, 31 pp 5. "Principles of Stable Isotope Geochemistry" 2007, Appendix A.
|
| Oxygen |
| Name |
NIST
RM # |
Composition/Notes |
δ18OVSMOW |
Ref |
CO2-Biogenic
Modern Biomass |
8564 |
CO2 |
+20.52
‰ |
5 |
CO2-Heavy
Paleomarine |
8562 |
CO2 |
+11.86
‰ |
5 |
CO2-Light
Petrochemical |
8563 |
CO2 |
-3.64
‰ |
5 |
| DH-3 | | distilled heavy water | +6.60
‰ | - | | DI-3 | | distilled medium water | -4.85
‰ | - | | DL-3 | | distilled light water | -13.76
‰ | - | | Eld | | Eldorado bottled water | -13.6
‰ | - | | Florida phosphate | 120c | carbonate fluorapatite | +21.00
‰ | 6 | | Fiji-3 | | Fiji bottled water | -4.36
‰ | - |
| GISP |
8536 |
water |
-24.8 ‰ |
2 |
| Heavy Evap-3 | | bath-evaporated water | +6.32
‰ | - |
| IAEA-CO-9 |
|
barium
carbonate |
+15.04
‰ |
5 |
| IAEA-NO-3 |
8549 |
potassium nitrate |
+25.6 ‰ |
4 |
| IAEA-SO-5 |
|
barium sulfate (wet) |
+12.0 ‰ |
4 |
| IAEA-SO-6 |
|
barium sulfate (wet) |
-11.3 ‰ |
4 |
| ID-3 | | Idaho water | -16.40
‰ | - |
| LSVEC |
8545 |
lithium carbonate |
+3.69 ‰ |
5 |
| NBS 18 |
8543 |
carbonatite |
+7.20 ‰ |
5 |
| NBS 19 |
8544 |
limestone |
+28.65 ‰ |
5 |
| NBS 28 |
8546 |
silica sand (optical) |
+9.58 ‰ |
2 |
| NBS 30 |
8538 |
biotite |
+5.1 ‰ |
3 |
| NBS 127 |
8557 |
barium sulfate |
+8.6 ‰ |
4 |
| SLAP * |
8537 |
water |
-55.5 ‰ |
1 |
| TX-3 | | Texas water | -0.82
‰ | - |
| USGS 32 |
8558 |
potassium nitrate |
+25.7 ‰ |
4 |
| USGS 34 |
8568 |
potassium nitrate |
-27.9 ‰ |
4 |
| USGS 35 |
8569 |
sodium nitrate |
+57.5 ‰ |
4 |
| VSMOW
* |
8535 |
water |
0.0
‰ |
1 |
| Western phosphate | 694 | carbonate fluorapatite | +13.00
‰ | 6 |
* Defines the scale
References:
1. Gonfiantini, R., Standards for
stable isotope measurements in natural compounds, Nature,
271,
534-536 (1978). 2. Gonfiantini, R., Stichler, W., and Rozanski, K., Standards
and
intercomparison materials distributed by the International Atomic
Energy Agency for stable isotope measurements, in Reference and
intercomparison materials for stable isotopes of light elements,
Vienna, Austria, International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-TECDOC-825,
13-29 (1995). 3. Coplen, T. B., Kendall, C., and Hopple, J., Intercomparison
of stable isotope reference samples, Nature, 302, 236-238
(1983). 4. Böhlke, J. K., Mroczkowski, S. J., and Coplen, T. B.,
Oxygen
isotopes in nitrate: new reference materials for 18O:17O:16O
measurements and observations on nitrate-water equilibration, Rapid
Comm. Mass Spectrom., 17, 1835-1846
(2003).
5. Calculated from data in ref (14) and the relation between
VPDB and
VSMOW given on page 36 of reference (12). 6. Holmden, C., Papanastassiou, D.A., Wasserburg, G.J., Negative
thermal ionization mass spectrometry of oxygen in phosphates. Lunar and
Planetary Science XXVIII.
|
| Hydrogen |
| Name |
NIST
RM # |
Composition/Notes |
δ2HVSMOW |
Ref |
| DH-3 | | distilled heavy water | +24.3 ‰ | - | | DL-3 | | distilled light water | -81.3 ‰ | - | | Eld | | Eldorado bottled water | -106.4 ‰ | - | | Fiji-3 | | Fiji bottled water | -40.1 ‰ | - |
| GISP |
8536 |
water |
-190 ‰ |
2 |
| Heavy Evap-3 | | bath-evaporated water | 0.26 ‰ | - |
| IAEA-CH-7 |
8540 |
polyethylene foil |
-100 ‰ |
2 |
| ID-3 | | Idaho water | -133.7 ‰ | - |
| NBS 22 |
8539 |
oil |
-118 ‰ |
3 |
| NBS 30 |
8538 |
biotite |
-66 ‰ |
2 |
| NGS
1 |
8559 |
natural
gas (coal, CH4) |
-138
‰ |
3 |
| NGS
2 |
8560 |
natural
gas (petroleum, CH4) |
-173
‰ |
3 |
| NGS
2 |
8560 |
natural
gas (petroleum, C2H6) |
-121
‰ |
3 |
| NGS
3 |
8561 |
natural
gas (biogenic, CH4) |
-176
‰ |
3 |
| SLAP * |
8537 |
water |
-428 ‰ |
1 |
| TX-3 | | Texas water | -20.0 ‰ | - |
| VSMOW
* |
8535 |
water |
0.0
‰ |
1 |
* Defines the scale
References:
1. Gonfiantini, R., Standards for stable
isotope measurements in natural compounds, Nature,
271,
534-536 (1978).
2. Gonfiantini, R., Stichler, W., and Rozanski, K., Standards
and
intercomparison materials distributed by the International Atomic
Energy Agency for stable isotope measurements, in Reference and
intercomparison materials for stable isotopes of light elements,
Vienna, Austria, International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-TECDOC-825,
13-29 (1995).
3. Hut, G., Consultants' group meeting on stable isotope
reference
samples for geochemical and hydrological investigations, Vienna,
International Atomic Energy Agency, 42 p (1987).
|
| Sulfur |
| Name |
NIST
RM # |
Composition/Notes |
δ34SVCDT |
Ref |
| IAEA-S-1 * |
8554 |
silver sulfide (NZ-1) |
-0.3 ‰ |
2 |
| IAEA-S-2 |
8555 |
silver sulfide (NZ-1) |
+22.67 ‰ |
3 |
| IAEA-S-3 |
|
silver
sulfide |
-32.55
‰ |
3 |
IAEA-S-4
Soufre de Laq |
8553 |
elemetal sulfur |
+16.90 ‰ |
1 |
| IAEA-SO-5 |
|
barium sulfate (wet) |
+0.49 ‰ |
3 |
| IAEA-SO-6 |
|
barium sulfate (wet) |
-34.05 ‰ |
3 |
| NBS 123 |
8556 |
sphalerite |
+17.44 ‰ |
4 |
| NBS 127 |
8557 |
barium sulfate |
+21.1 ‰ |
3 |
* Defines the scale
References:
1. Qi, H.P., and Coplen, Tyler B.,
Evaluation of the 34S/32S
ratio of Soufre de Lacq elemental sulfur isotopic reference material by
continuous flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, Chem. Geol.,
199,
183-187 (2003).
2. Robinson, B.W., Sulphur isotope standards, in Reference
and
intercomparison materials for stable isotopes of light elements,
Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-TECDOC-825, 39-45
(1995).
3. Coplen, T.B., Hopple, J.A., Böhlke, J.K., Peiser, H.S.,
Rieder,
S.E., Krouse, H.R., Rosman, K.J.R., Ding, T., Vocke, Jr., R.D., Révész,
K.M., Lamberty, A., Taylor, P., and De Bièvre, P., Compilation of
minimum and maximum isotope ratios of selected elements in naturally
occurring terrestrial materials and reagents, U.S. Geological Survey
Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4222, 98 p (2001).
4. Zhang, Q.L. (Chang, T.L.) and Ding, T., 1989, Analysis of
the
reference material NBS‑123 and the atomic weight of sulfur, Chinese
Sci. Bull., 34,
1086-1089 (1989).
|
| Combined Chart |
| Name |
NIST
RM # |
δ13CVPDB |
δ18OVSMOW |
δ15NAIR |
δ2HVSMOW |
δ34SVCDT |
CO2-Biogenic
|
8564 |
-10.45
‰ |
+20.52
‰ |
|
|
|
CO2-Heavy
|
8562 |
-3.72
‰ |
+11.86
‰ |
|
|
|
CO2-Light
|
8563 |
-41.59
‰ |
-3.64
‰ |
|
|
|
| DH |
| | +6.60 ‰ | | +24.3 ‰ | | | DI |
| | -4.85 ‰ | |
| | | DL |
| | -13.76 ‰ | | -81.3 ‰ | | | Eld |
| | -13.6 ‰ | | -106.4 ‰ | | | Florida Phosphate | 120c | | +21.00 ‰ | |
| | | Fiji-3 |
| | -4.36 ‰ | | -40.1 ‰ | |
| GISP |
8536 |
|
-24.8
‰ |
|
-190
‰ |
|
| Heavy Evap-3 |
| | +6.32 ‰ | | +0.26 ‰ | | | House SNS Cocoa | | -28.42 ‰ | | +5.24
‰ | | | | IAEA-303-A | | +93.3
‰ | | | | | | IAEA-303-B | | +466
‰ | | | | | | IAEA-305-A | | | | +39.8
‰ | | | | IAEA-305-B | | | | +375.3
‰ | | | | IAEA-310-A | | | | +47.2
‰ | | | | IAEA-310-B | | | | +244.6 ‰ | | | | IAEA-311 | | | | +2.05
‰ | | |
| IAEA-600 |
|
-27.77 ‰ |
|
|
|
|
| IAEA-601 |
|
-28.81
‰ |
|
|
|
|
| IAEA-602 |
|
-28.85
‰ |
|
|
|
|
| IAEA-C-1 | | +2.4 ‰ | | | | | | IAEA-C-2 | | -8.3
‰ | | | | | | IAEA-C-3 | | -24.9
‰ | | | | | | IAEA-C-4 | | -24.0
‰ | | | | | | IAEA-C-5 | | -25.5
‰ | | | | | | IAEA-C-6 | | -10.8
‰ | | | | | | IAEA-C-7 | | -14.5
‰ | | | | | | IAEA-C-8 | | -18.3
‰ | | | | | | IAEA-C-9 | | -23.9
‰ | | | | |
| IAEA-CH-3 |
|
-24.72
‰ |
|
|
|
|
| IAEA-CH-6 |
8542 |
-10.45 ‰ |
|
|
|
|
| IAEA-CH-7 |
8540 |
-32.15 ‰ |
|
|
-100
‰ |
|
| IAEA-CO-1 |
|
+2.49
‰ |
|
|
|
|
| IAEA-CO-8 |
|
-5.76
‰ |
|
|
|
|
| IAEA-CO-9 |
|
-47.32
‰ |
+15.04
‰ |
|
|
|
| IAEA-N-1 |
8547 |
|
|
+0.43
‰ |
|
|
| IAEA-N-2 |
8548 |
|
|
+20.41
‰ |
|
|
| IAEA-NO-3 |
8549 |
|
+25.6
‰ |
+4.72
‰ |
|
|
| IAEA-S-1 |
8554 |
|
|
|
|
-0.3
‰ |
| IAEA-S-2 |
8555 |
|
|
|
|
+22.67
‰ |
| IAEA-S-3 |
|
|
|
|
|
-32.55
‰ |
| IAEA-S-4 |
8553 |
|
|
|
|
+16.90
‰ |
| IAEA-SO-5 |
|
|
+12.0
‰ |
|
|
+0.49
‰ |
| IAEA-SO-6 |
|
|
-11.3
‰ |
|
|
-34.05
‰ |
| ID-3 |
| | -16.40 ‰ | | -133.7 ‰ | |
| LSVEC |
8545 |
-46.6
‰ |
+3.69
‰ |
|
|
|
| NBS 14 | | | | -1.18 ‰ | | |
| NBS
18 |
8543 |
-5.01
‰ |
+7.20
‰ |
|
|
|
| NBS
19 |
8544 |
+1.95
‰ |
+28.65
‰ |
|
|
|
| NBS
22 |
8539 |
-30.03
‰ |
|
|
-118
‰ |
|
| NBS 28 |
8546 |
|
+9.58
‰ |
|
|
|
| NBS 30 |
8538 |
|
+5.1
‰ |
|
-66
‰ |
|
| NBS 123 |
8556 |
|
|
|
|
+17.44
‰ |
| NBS 127 |
8557 |
|
+8.6
‰ |
|
|
+21.1
‰ |
| NGS
1 |
8559 |
-29.0
‰ |
|
|
-138
‰ |
|
| NGS
2 (CH4) |
8560 |
-44.5
‰ |
|
|
-173
‰ |
|
| NGS
2 (C2H6) |
8560 |
|
|
|
-121
‰ |
|
| NGS
3 |
8561 |
-72.8
‰ |
|
|
-176
‰ |
|
| NSVEC |
8552 |
|
|
-2.78
‰ |
|
|
| SLAP |
8537 |
|
-55.5
‰ |
|
-428
‰ |
|
| TX-3 |
| | -0.82 ‰ | | -20.0 ‰ | |
| USGS
24 |
8541 |
-16.05
‰ |
|
|
|
|
| USGS
25 |
8550 |
|
|
-30.41
‰ |
|
|
| USGS
26 |
8551 |
|
|
+53.70
‰ |
|
|
| USGS 32 |
8558 |
|
+25.7
‰ |
+180
‰ |
|
|
| USGS 34 |
8568 |
|
-27.9
‰ |
-1.8
‰ |
|
|
| USGS 35 |
8569 |
|
+57.5
‰ |
+2.7
‰ |
|
|
| USGS
40 |
8573 |
-26.39
‰ |
|
-4.52
‰ |
|
|
| USGS
41 |
8574 |
+37.63
‰ |
|
+47.57
‰ |
|
|
| UWG-2 | | | +5.78 ‰ | | | |
| VSMOW |
8535 |
|
0.0
‰ |
|
0.0
‰ |
|
| Western Phosphate | 694 | | +13.00 ‰ | |
| |
This chart is simply a
combination of each elemental chart above. Check the above charts
for information on the actual material composition of each standard and
for the references for each value.
|
| Links | Some other standard values that may be of interest:
Isotope reference materials available from Indiana University
|
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